Biography of Yavuz Sultan Selim / Extra History of Yavuz Sultan Selim

Biography of Yavuz Sultan Selim. Welcome to Biography category. Today we will discuss life and achievements of Yavuz Sultan Selim. In this article i will share Extra History of Yavuz Sultan Selim.

• Title: Sultan

• Date of birth: October 10, 1470

• Date of death: September 22, 1520

• Zodiac sign: scales

Yavuz Sultan Selim was born on October 10, 1470. His father is Sultan Bayezid II and his mother is Gülbahar Hatun. Gülbahar Hatun is from the Dulkadiroğulları principality. Yavuz Sultan Selim was a tall, broad-shouldered, thick-boned, broad-shouldered, round-headed, red-faced, long mustache and valiant sultan. He was stern and brave. He had a strong education.His father, Sultan Bayezid II, after he became the sultan, appointed Prince Selim to Trabzon Sanjak to learn military dispatch and state administration . Prince Selim, besides state affairs in Trabzon, was engaged in science and followed the lessons of the great scholar Mevlana Abdulhalim Efendi. Prince Selim, who managed Trabzon very well, also had relations with neighboring states. During his governorship, he made three expeditions against the Georgians, who did not leave the people of Trabzon alone. He conquered the provinces of Kars, Erzurum, Artvin and many places in the Kütayis campaign, which was the most important one, and added them to the Ottoman lands (1508). All the Georgians living here became Muslims.He rode very well and used a sword well enough to defeat the most famous musketeers of the time. He excelled at wrestling, bow and arrow. Although he liked warfare, he also had a very subtle spirit. Yavuz Sultan Selim, who had a very humble personality, ate one kind of food at every meal and used wooden plates. He did not like to show off, he did not waste state property. He filled the gratifying treasury, inherited from his father, to the brim. After sealing the door of the treasury, he bequeathed: “Whoever can fill the treasury that I filled with gold should seal it with his own seal, otherwise the Treasury-i Humayun should be sealed with my seal.” This will was kept. Since none of the sultans who came after that date could fill the treasury, the door of the treasury was always sealed with Yavuz's seal. Yavuz Sultan Selim, his ancestors always cut his beard even though they grew a beard. It is rumored that he said to those who asked the reason for this, "I cut my beard so as not to betray it". He also wore an earring in one ear. He died on September 22, 1520, when he was only 50 years old, due to a boil called "Lion's Claw".He was reading Yasin-i Şerif in the last minutes of his life. After performing his father's funeral prayer in Fatih Mosque, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman had him buried in the tomb in the courtyard of Sultan Selim Mosque. Historians evaluated Yavuz Sultan Selim as a great sultan who fit eighty years of work in eight years.

Caller War :

When Yavuz Sultan Selim ascended the throne by fighting for the throne with his father, Sultan Bayezid II, and his brothers, the Ottoman Empire was going through a troubled period. The biggest reason for this depressive period was the Shiite-Safavid State in the East. With the disappearance of this state, peace would be ensured and the road to Turkistan would be opened to the Ottomans. The greatest goal of Yavuz Sultan Selim was to unite all the Turkish-Islamic states in the east under a single state. Yavuz Sultan Selim went on a campaign to Iran with his army in the spring of 1514. Ottoman forces continued their march from Erzincan towards Tabriz. While the Ottoman forces won a great victory in the war in Çaldıran on August 23, 1514, the Safavids were defeated. The Shah barely saved his life by escaping. Yavuz continued on his way and entered Tabriz. Many artists and scholars in the city were sent to Istanbul. As a result of this victory, Shah Ismail lost his former prestige. In this way, there was no danger for the Ottomans in Eastern Anatolia. The aim of Yavuz, who set off from Tabriz to Karabakh on September 15, 1514, was to spend the winter there and take Iran completely in the spring. However, because the conditions were not suitable, they went to Amasya. After the Çaldıran Victory, Erzincan and Bayburt were definitely under Ottoman rule. Kemah castle was taken. With the victory of Turnadağ on 12 June 1515, Dulkadiroğlu principality was ended.

 Diyarbakir, Mardin and Bitlis came under Ottoman rule. Thus, Turkish unity was achieved in Anatolia. However, because the conditions were not suitable, they went to Amasya. After the Çaldıran Victory, Erzincan and Bayburt were definitely under Ottoman rule. Kemah castle was taken. With the victory of Turnadağ on 12 June 1515, Dulkadiroğlu principality was ended. Diyarbakir, Mardin and Bitlis came under Ottoman rule. Thus, Turkish unity was achieved in Anatolia. However, because the conditions were not suitable, they went to Amasya. After the Çaldıran Victory, Erzincan and Bayburt were definitely under Ottoman rule. Kemah castle was taken. With the victory of Turnadağ on 12 June 1515, Dulkadiroğlu principality was ended. Diyarbakir, Mardin and Bitlis came under Ottoman rule. Thus, Turkish unity was achieved in Anatolia.

Mercidabik Victory :

 The disagreement remaining from the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror and the Iranian Campaign caused the Egyptians and the Safavids to make an alliance. When Yavuz Sultan Selim learned that this alliance would be made, he decided to go to Egypt. Yavuz Sultan Selim went on an expedition to Egypt on June 5, 1516. On 27 July, the Ottoman Army reached the Egyptian border. Antep (18 August 1516) and Besni (19 August 1516) fortresses of the Egyptian Sultanate surrendered one day apart. However, the real battle took place in Mercidabık on August 24, 1516. The Egyptian Army could not withstand the overwhelming cannon fire of the Ottomans. Egyptian ruler Gansu Gavri was found dead. At the end of the Mercidabık victory, the gates of Syria were opened to the Ottomans.

The Memluks And The Victory Of Ridaniye :

Yavuz Sultan Selim, who entered Aleppo on 28 August 1516, took the city without encountering any resistance. While Hama (September 19, 1516), Homs (September 21, 1516) and Damascus (September 27, 1516) surrendered in the same way, the Lebanese emirs also accepted Ottoman domination. Continuing on his way, Yavuz entered Jerusalem on 30 December 1516 and Gaza on 2 January 1517. After the Mercidabık War, Tumanbay became the head of Egypt. Tumanbay not only did not accept the Ottoman domination, but also killed the Ottoman ambassador who came for the peace offer and established a strong defense line in Ridaniye by taking artillery and weapons from the Venetians. Yavuz Sultan Selim, with his army, crossed the Sinai desert in 13 days, where no commander had been able to pass by force since ancient times, and encountered the Egyptian Army in Ridaniye. Yavuz Sultan Selim, who attacked the Egyptian Army from the south by circumnavigating the El-Mukaddam Mountain, Thanks to this maneuver, the Egyptian Army's cannons, which were fixed in their direction, were neutralized. The Ridaniye Victory was won on January 22, 1517. With this victory, the Mamluk State vanished into history.

Halife Yavuz Sultan Selim :

Cairo was taken on January 24, 1517. On February 4, 1517, Yavuz entered Cairo with a great ceremony and ended the Abbasid caliphate of the Egyptian Mamluks. Captured Tumanbay was executed. At the end of the Egypt Campaign, Syria, Palestine and Egypt came under Ottoman rule. In addition, the Hijaz and its region joined the Ottoman lands. The eastern trade routes were completely in the hands of the Ottomans. The Ottoman treasury was filled with the spoils obtained and the taxes received. On July 6, 1517, his belongings, called Emanet-i Mukaddese (Sacred Relics), including the cardigan, tooth, banner and sword of the Prophet Muhammad (SAV), were sent from Hejaz to YYavuz Sultan Selim. On August 29, 1516, the Caliphate passed from the Abbasid line to the Ottoman lineage. Yavuz Sultan Selim, with a ceremony held in Hagia Sophia Mosque, He inherited the title of Haremeyn-i Şerifeyn, that is, the servant of Mecca and Medina, from the last Abbasid caliph, the Third Mutawakkil (Hadim-i Haremeyn-i Şerifeyn in his own words), and thus became the religious and political leader of all Muslims.

 According to the rumor, the Third Trustee took the podium and announced that he had handed over the Caliphate to the Ottoman Sultan, Sultan Selim Khan. He put the robe on his back to Yavuz with his hands. He tied the sword, which is considered one of the caliphate insignia, to Yavuz's waist with his hands. From that moment on, Yavuz Sultan Selim became the religious and worldly leader of the Muslims. He would no longer be referred to only as a sultan, but also as a "caliph", and all the sultans who came after him would also be caliphs. When Yavuz Sultan Selim took over the throne, he managed to increase the Ottoman lands from 2,375,000 square kilometers to 6,557,000 square kilometers in a short period of eight years. He had many activities for the development of the state. There was a very organized spy agency. In this way, Yavuz Sultan Selim, who received the information he wanted from inside and outside the country, had a great hit ability in the selection of men.

Construction Works (ARCHITECTURE) :

Yavuz Sultan Selim increased the capacity of the Golden Horn Shipyard, which was built during the reign of his grandfather, Fatih Sultan Mehmed. Besides the madrasahs, he had many buildings built to serve in the social and commercial areas. Yavuz Sultan Selim, who spent his life in intense wars, had the opportunity to build charitable works such as Diyarbakir Fatih Pasha, Elbistan Grand Mosque, and Muhyiddini Arabi's Mosque, Imaret and Tomb in Damascus Salihiye. In addition, he did not live to finish the Istanbul Sultan Selim Mosque, the foundation of which was laid, and this work was completed by his son, Suleiman the Magnificent.