Extra History of Persian Empire (Achemenid Dynasty) / The Greatest Empires

History of Persian Empire : this a most searched topic at Google now days. Every one wants to know about Persian Empire, how this empire rise, their achievements and fall of Persian Empire. Today we will discuss all about this Greatest Empire. 

 Achaemenid Dynasty ( Achaemenid Dynasty or Persian Empire ), ( Persian : هخامنشیان Hah'āmanishyān; 550 BC - 330 BC). Under Cyrus the Great and Darius I, the Persian Empire had become the largest empire in human history up to that time. The boundaries of the Persian Empire in the east of the Indus river and the river Ceyhan western Mediterranean 'e stretches Anatolia (modern Turkey ' side) and covered Egypt.

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Persian King Cyrus ( ruled between 559 - 530 BC ) in less than half a century; all He united the Middle East under his rule. It is the common name given to many dynasties that ruled the Iranian plateau before the name of the country was changed from Persia to Iran in 1935. This would lead to an Achaemenid campaign against the Greeks that would unleash what are known as the Greco-Persian Wars, which lasted throughout the 5th century BC. During the Greco-Persian wars, the Persians gained some great supremacy and destroyed Athens in 480 BC. However, after a series of victories by the Greeks, the Persians had to withdraw. The wars ended with the Peace of Callias in 449 BC. B.C. In 550 , the Persians united under his leadership and united the Medes in the north.

Achemenid Dynasty :

Achaemenid Dynasty  (Achaemenid Dynasty or Persian Empire), ( Persian :  هخامنشیان  Hah'āmanishyān; 550 BC - 330 BC), Persian  state founded by  Cyrus the Great  in the 6th century BC. 

Detailed History of Persian Empire :

  In 550 BC, the Persians united under the leadership of Cyrus the Great (or Cyrus II or Cyrus II), destroyed the Medes in the north and became a state. After that, Cyrus embarked on conquest movements. In these conquests, he conquered rich places such as Babylon and Phoenicia and made the country a rich kingdom. Urartu seized the Manna state, Lydia and the wealth of Croesus and united all Anatolia under his domination. After capturing Anatolia, he attacked Babylon, conquered that place and declared himself the king of Babylon. After that, he started preparations to attack Egypt, fought a war with the Scythian-saka empire to consolidate the northeast, and lost his life in one of these wars, being defeated by the army of Queen Tomris.

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It destroyed and became a state. After that, Keyhüsrev embarked on conquest movements. In these conquests, he conquered rich places such as Babylon and Phoenicia and made the country a rich kingdom. He captured Armenia , Lydia and the wealth of Croesus and united all Anatolia under his rule. After conquering Anatolia, he attacked Babylon , conquered that place and declared himself the king of Babylon. After that EgyptHe started the preparations to attack the Northeast, fought two tribes to consolidate the northeast, and the tribes resisted in these wars, and Cyrus the Great lost his life in this war.

He was succeeded by his son Kambis . Egypt was conquered during the Cambis period, the Persian army advanced to Carthage, but could not pass the Carthaginians. During the Kambis period, Iranian tribes revolted, these are magi, led by a Med priest named Gomata.

Kambis died on his return to Egypt, and the famous Persian Emperor Darius I took his place. First, he suppressed tribal revolts and engaged in revolutionary movements in various fields. Darius I also embarked on conquest movements, and the borders of the empire were based on India in the east. He also made a campaign against the Scythians towards the Caucasus, but was unsuccessful. Then he turned to the west, attacked Thrace, Macedonia and the Aegean and captured these places. Thereupon, the Spartans waged the Sea Battle of Salamis against Darious and his son Xerkes. All of the spoils obtained in the Salamis Naval War were captured during the conquest of Alexander the Great.

 During the Artaxerkes period, the state began to disintegrate rapidly, uprisings took place in the Empire, and Egypt declared its independence. The revolts were suppressed with difficulty, but later on, III. Alexander the Great put an end to the Persian Empire during the reign of Darius.

 Persian Empire History :

The rules and morals derived from Zoroastrian teachings were strictly followed by the Achaemenids, who developed and implemented policies based on human rights, equality, and the prohibition of slavery. Zoroastrianism was more widely promoted and influenced Abrahamic religions, during the time of the Achaemenids and through relations with exiled Jews freed in Babylon by Cyrus.

The satraps of the Persians, who dominated Anatolia, made an effort to reconstruct the country. The Mausoleum (Mausoleum king tomb) built in Bodrum during these works is one of the world-famous works.

Thereupon, the Spartans waged the Sea Battle of Salamis against Darius and his son Xerxes I. All the spoils obtained in the Battle of Salamis were captured in the conquest of Alexander the Great.

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 During the Artaxerkes period, the state began to disintegrate rapidly, uprisings took place in the Empire, and Egypt declared its independence. The rebellions were suppressed with difficulty, but later on, III. Alexander the Great put an end to the Persian Empire during the reign of Darius.

Architectural Work in Persian Empire :

The Achaemenid empire was the largest empire ever established in the Middle East. The real empire, stretching across the Aegean and into India, was accomplished. Architectural The best example of Persian architecture is the Royal Palace with 100 columns in Susa , the ruins of which have survived to the present day  . In the inscription of Darius I, this palace is Egyptian, Ionian, Babylonian, Lydian, etc. It tells that it was done by the prisoners. Although the Persians drew inspiration from the peoples under their rule, their architecture and arts are unique to them.

Languages in Persian Empire :

Language and Writing  Persians used cuneiform. They used the script mostly for official royal correspondence, and most of these correspondence was written in Aramaic. Except for official documents, there are no written literary works that have survived to the present day. Science In the Persian Empire, science was not as developed as in Mesopotamia. Their calendar was developed underBabylonianinfluence.  They minted a currency calledDareikos. According to Herodotus, the Persians melted the money they received from other peoples as tax revenue and printed them again as money. their beliefs.

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Religions in Persian Empire :

The sky, water, fire and earth had an important place in the religion of the Persians. Apart from Zoroastrianism (or  Mazdaism ), which worshiped the god Ahura Mazda (or  Hormuz ), there were also local Indo-European religions. This religion was especially common among the Persian nobility.  It is one of the religions in which the principle of dualism is evident.  It has a principle based on the war between two equal powers, the war between Hormuz, that is good, and  Ahrimen, that is, evil.