Biography of Sultan Young Osman / Extra History of Sultan Young Osman

Biography of Sultan Young Osman. Welcome to Biography category. Today we will discuss life and achievements of Sultan Young Osman. In this article i will share Extra History of Sultan Young Osman.

• Title: Sultan

• Date of birth: November 3, 1604

• Date of death: 20 May 1622

• City: Istanbul

• Country: Turkey

• Zodiac sign: Scorpion

Sultan Young Osman was born on November 3, 1604 in Istanbul. His father is Ahmed I and his mother is Mahfiruz Haseki Sultan. Mahfiruz Haseki Sultan is Rum. When Sultan Young Osman was 14 years old, he ascended to the Ottoman throne after his uncle, Sultan Mustafa I, was dethroned. His mother was very meticulous about his upbringing. Sultan Young Osman received a good upbringing and education. He learned eastern and western languages ​​such as Arabic, Persian, Latin, Greek and Italian well enough to translate from their classics. Sultan Young Osman, who had a very beautiful face, was an intelligent, energetic, dashing, brave and brave sultan. Sultan Young Osman married the daughters of Şeyhülislam Es'ad Efendi and Pertev Pasha from outside the palace, as was done until the reign of Mehmed the Conqueror. Since the reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim, the sultan did not marry outside the palace, this behavior was an important change. He could not find a grand vizier to implement his plans. Sultan Young Osman, who was martyred by being dethroned and drowned in Yedikule dungeons, which is rare in history, was buried in the tomb of his father, Sultan Ahmed I, next to the Sultanahmet Mosque. Sultan Young Osman was a very innovative sultan, who changed the high-level officials in the state as soon as he came to the throne and took the authority of appointment of mudarris and kadis from the sheikh al-Islam.

Iran Relations :

When Sultan Young Osman ascended the throne, Grand Vizier Halil Pasha was on the Iran expedition. Although the Ottoman army was defeated in Pul-i Şikeste, the Iranians demanded peace when the city of Ardebil, which they considered sacred, might fall into the hands of the Ottomans. Peace was re-established in the Serav field with the Serav Treaty, which was signed on the basis of the Nasuhpaşa treaty signed between the two states before. (26 September 1618).

Italy And Mediterranean Experience :

The Ottoman navy under the command of Halil Pasha embarked on a Mediterranean expedition in the summer of 1620. After leaving Istanbul, the fleet that came to Navarino turned north towards the Adriatic. After capturing two Italian ships at Durres, he landed troops in Italy and occupied the Spanish port city of Manfredonia.

Lehistan Exhibition :

There was a friendship between the Ottoman Empire and Poland. The Dniester River formed the border between the two countries. Although the relations between Poland and Poland became tense during the Ottoman-Austrian Wars, the peace was not broken. However, the Crimean Khan, who made a living with the raids of the military units in Poland, was acting against the peace. In addition, the Poles did not stay away from intervening in Moldavian affairs and occupied the Hotin fortress of Moldavia (1617). They also continued to interfere in the internal affairs of Wallachia and Erdel. Upon these events, Sultan Young Osman decided on the Polish expedition despite the opposition to him. Meanwhile, the troops under the command of Ozi Beylerbeyi Iskender Pasha defeated the Poles in Yas on the Purut coast (20 September 1620). Sultan Young Osman set out on the Polish Expedition in April 1621. 

 The Poles were trying to create a new and larger army. They reinforced their armies with help from Austria. The Ottoman Army arrived in front of Hotin on September 2, 1620. The fortress was besieged, and the inability to capture the enemy trenches in the field battle in front of the Hotin fortress greatly eroded the enthusiasm and excitement of the soldiers. The fact that the Janissaries did not give themselves to the war completely led to the fact that this war did not result in a definite result. The expedition was terminated by the Treaty of Hotin after the Polish envoys declared that they were the cause of the war (29 September 1621). According to the treaty, the Poles and the Ottomans would not attack each other's lands, and Poland would give 40,000 ducats of gold to the Crimean Khan as in the past.

Innovation Movement's :

Sultan Young Osman saw the lack of effort of the soldier as the reason for his failure in the Polish campaign. Thus, the idea of ​​making some innovations in the military field developed. He started with the Kapıkulu quarries. When he realized that the number of soldiers in the census he had made was less than the number of people in the salary book, he stopped giving extra money. This situation caused the officers, who had previously pocketed the extra money, to be hostile to Sultan Young Osman. Sultan Osman the Young; He was aware of everything, but due to his inexperience, he could not make the innovations he wanted. He wanted to establish a new army consisting of Anatolian, Egyptian and Syrian soldiers. At the same time, he had innovative ideas such as re-establishing the palace, harem and ilmiye organizations and enacting new laws. The Kapıkulu Hearths were uncomfortable with this situation and did not hesitate to show it. The ilmiye class headed by Şeyhülislam Es'ad Efendi did not express an opinion.

It was the last straw when the janissaries, who were his men in the palace, learned that Sultan Young Osman had sent a secret will to recruit soldiers to the governors of Aleppo, Erzurum, Damascus and Egypt. Sultan Young Osman wanted to go to Anatolia himself to recruit soldiers. Meanwhile, news came to Istanbul that the Druze leader Maanoğlu Fahreddin had started a revolt in Lebanon. Sultan Young Osman, using this as an opportunity, said that he would go to Anatolia to suppress the rebellion. However, Grand Vizier Dilaver Pasha and Şeyhülislam Es'ad Efendi said that there was no need for the huge sultan to go to Anatolia for a small rebellion and tried to prevent Sultan Young Osman from crossing into Anatolia. Sultan Young Osman, who had no other choice, declared that he would go on pilgrimage. No sultan had ever gone on a pilgrimage before. Even though Grand Vizier Dilaver Pasha and Şeyhülislam Es'ad Efendi tried very hard, Sultan Young Osman was determined in his opinion. The governors of the provinces on the route that the sultan would pass through were informed and asked to make preparations. There would be 500 janissaries and cavalry with Sultan Young Osman, and the remaining soldiers would stay in Istanbul for the protection of Istanbul. The Grand Vizier, the treasurer, the gunner, the rikab umera, the regulars, 40 foreigners and 40 council clerks were in the pilgrimage convoy.

Martyr Of The Young Osman :

One day before the sultan's tent was to be established in Üsküdar, the Janissaries gathered in Süleymaniye. The rioting janissaries entered the palace and killed some statesmen. Sultan Young Osman, who wanted to persuade the janissaries and cavalrymen, tried to bring the janissary aghas to mercy. However, it was not successful. His brother, Sultan Mustafa the First, was enthroned for the second time in his place. At that moment, the rebels were not thinking of killing Sultan Young Osman. However, the leaders of the revolt, who knew how capable Sultan Young Osman was, demanded that the sultan be taken to the Yedikule dungeons and killed there. Sultan Young Osman was strangled and martyred despite heroically resisting eight executioners. The body of Sultan Young Osman was buried in his father's tomb in the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, after the funeral prayer performed at the Sultanahmet Mosque the next day. The martyrdom of Sultan Young Osman caused some rebellions in Anatolia. The Ottoman people could never digest the martyrdom of the sultan. Sultan Young Osman, who ascended to the throne in the best days of his youth and always worked for the good of his nation, was a sultan with determination and will. However, his youth and inexperience prepared him for this sad end.