Biography of Sultan Mustafa III / Extra History of Sultan Mustafa III

 Biography of Sultan Mustafa III. Welcome to Biography category. Today we will discuss life and achievements of  Sultan Mustafa III. In this article i will share Extra History of Sultan Mustafa III.

• Title: Sultan

• Date of birth: January 28, 1717

• Date of death: January 21, 1774

• City: Istanbul

• Country: Turkey

• Zodiac sign: Aquarius

Sultan Mustafa III was born on 28 January 1717 in Istanbul . His father is Sultan Ahmed III and his mother is Mihrişah Sultan. Sultan Mustafa the Third was of medium height, with big eyes, a flat nose and a black beard. He had an imposing and strong body. He did a very good education. He was engaged in astrology. He studied Islamic and Ottoman histories. Sultan Mustafa III was an extremely religious, frugal, benevolent, hardworking and generous person. He helped the people who lost their homes and relatives in the great earthquake that lasted for two minutes and destroyed almost half of Istanbul from his own pocket.He ruled with justice and never tolerated injustice. He hated lying, hypocrisy and bribery. He was never proud, arrogant, and never promised things he could not deliver. Sultan Mustafa III was of the opinion that it was necessary to renew and wanted to make Islahat. Hearing about the reforms of the King of Prussia, Frederick the Second, he sent Ahmed Remain Effendi to him. King of Prussia, Frederik II, sent his advice to Sultan Mustafa III, which he called the three golden keys to his success, through Ahmed Official Efendi.– Read a lot of history, benefit from old experiences.– Try to have a strong army and train your soldiers continuously in peacetime.– Your treasure is always full of money, give importance to the economy.

 Sultan Mustafa III laughed bitterly after listening to these advices. Then he said, “We intend to do these things, but what is the way?” he muttered. He thought that the biggest disaster for his country would come from Russia. He made all kinds of preparations for the defense, working day and night. He filled the treasury with gold to be used in wars.He even thought of opening the Suez Canal. But the lack of talented statesmen he would bring to power upset him. During the Russian War, he fell ill with grief and died on January 21, 1774, due to heart failure. Sultan Mustafa III was acting with the idea that a renewal in the army was needed. He introduced training rules for soldiers. Regardless of objections, he had the rifles mounted with bayonets. He built a new armory and poured powerful cannons. He opened navy, fortification and artillery schools. He even made education compulsory for senior officers. He benefited greatly from a Hungarian national named Baron de Tott in reforming the army. Baron Tott reconsidered and modernized the Ottoman artillery and trained the soldiers in the European style.

Ottoman – Russian War :

After the Belgrade Treaty signed in 1739, Russia did not declare war on the Ottoman Empire, but continued to be hostile to Turks in the Balkans and other regions. The period of peace between Russia and the Ottoman Empire broke down again with the Polish problem that started in 1768. Since the second half of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empire had taken care not to be pro-Austrian and Russian people elected to the Kingdom of Poland, and it was successful in this regard. However, in this period, the Ottoman State did not have the power to prevent Russia's intervention in Polish affairs.When Russia tried to intimidate the people by forcibly electing Stanislas Pontovoski and sending soldiers to Poland, the people who rebelled in Poland asked the Ottoman Empire for help through the Bar Confederation. Upon all these developments, Sultan Mustafa III, who was already in favor of waging war against Russia, took action. On October 8, 1768, war was declared against Russia.The Russians attacked from five sides. They began to invade the Caucasus, Georgia, Ukraine and Baserabia.

 A Russian army of thirty thousand defeated the Ottoman army of 180,000 in Kartal Plain. While the war was going on with all its violence, the Russian Tsarina Catherine the Second was not sitting idle and was trying to confuse the Ottoman Empire from within. In addition, he had a navy prepared under the supervision of the British and sent it to the Mediterranean through the Strait of Gibraltar. These activities of Tsarina Catherine the Second yielded results in a short time. The Greeks started a revolt in Morea. Upon Hüsamettin Pasha's advance in the Mediterranean with the navy, the Russians left the island, leaving the rebels alone. The rebellion ended when the Ottoman fleet approached the island.In 1770, the Russian navy burned the Ottoman navy in Çeşme port in the Aegean. After the Çeşme disaster, the Russians advanced to the Dardanelles. Algerian Hasan Pasha, who was brought to the command of the Admiralty, threw the Russian navy out of the Aegean Sea. Russian attacks continued from the land.

 The Russians achieved significant success in the Crimea.Due to these successes of the Russians, other European states began to change their policies. After the Crimean defeat, the Russians besieged Ruse and Silistra. Sultan Mustafa III, who experienced all the pain and uneasiness of the Ottoman-Russian war that continued unsuccessfully, knew the importance of this war for the Ottoman Empire.Despite all the negativities, he wanted to go on an expedition at the head of the army in the summer of 1773. However, the news of the recent bitter defeat from the fronts made him feel great sadness and despair, and he died on Friday, January 21, 1774, while the noon prayer was being read.

Zoning Studies (Architecture) :

Sultan Mustafa III also had works in the field of development. He reconstructed the Fatih and Eyüb Sultan Mosques, which were destroyed in the earthquake in 1766, and the whole of Istanbul. Land and Naval Engineers were established in his time. He had the Laleli Mosque and Complex built in 4 years. Other works made during the period are; Üsküdar Ayazma Mosque, Sipahiler Han, Cairo Emir Mehmed Bey Mosque, Rosos Sultan Mustafa III Mosque. Sultan Mustafa III was a poet sultan. The poems he wrote under the pen name Cihangir are very famous. He used to sign poems as "El poor Mustafa Han Salis". In one of his poems he says:This world is destroyedThe state-i çerh-i gave the public to the muptezeleNow, the one who wanders around with bliss is always delusional.Our job is left to the mercy of Lem Yezel.

Sons: Selim III, Mehmed

Daughters: Shah Sultan, Fatma Sultan, Bekhan Sultan, Fatma Sultan, Hibetullah Sultan