Biography of Sultan Mahmud I / Extra History of Sultan Mahmud I

 Biography of Sultan Mahmud I. Welcome to Biography category. Today we will discuss life and achievements of Sultan Mahmud I. In this article i will share Extra History of Sultan Mahmud I.

• Title: Sultan

• Date of birth: August 2, 1696

• Date of death: 13 December 1754

• City: Istanbul

• Country: Turkey

• Zodiac sign: Lion

Sultan Mahmud I was born on August 2, 1696 in Istanbul. His father is Sultan Mustafa II and his mother is Saliha Valide Sultan. He grew up with the love and attention of his grandmother, Gülnuş Sultan. Although he lived a cage life since the age of eight, he saved himself from destruction thanks to his intelligence, goodwill and strong character. He took lessons from various teachers from an early age. He was engaged in history, literature, and poetry. He was particularly interested in music. Sultan Mahmud I became sultan on October 1, 1730 when he was 35 years old. He selected the most valuable people of his time and brought them to work. He was a person of character, determined, benevolent, compassionate, careful, and patient. He acted by thinking of the welfare of the nation rather than his own pleasure.In this way, he did not make the mistakes that his father and uncle made. Sultan Mahmud I, who spent the last two years of his life ill, died on 13 December 1754 at the age of 59. He was buried in the tomb of Sultan Mustafa II in Yeni Mosque.riot turmoilIn the first days of his sultanate, Sultan Mahmud I had to fulfill the wishes of the rebels who enthroned him.

 Most of the mansions and mansions built during the reign of Sultan Ahmed III were destroyed by the will of the rebels. Statesmen and officials were appointed in line with the ideas of the rebels. However, some of them resigned voluntarily after receiving a fatwa from the sheikh al-Islam that they would not be killed.Patrona Halil, who was the leader of the rebels, also declared his loyalty to Sultan Mahmud I. But he wanted to interfere in state affairs. The Sultan asked Mahmud I to make him a janissary lord and to wage war against Russia. Patrona Halil and her supporters, who were summoned to the palace on the pretext that a ceremony would be held on November 15, 1730, were captured and killed.Patrona Halil supporters revolted for fear of being killed. Sultan Mahmud I took out Sanjak-i Sharif and asked the people for help in suppressing the uprising. The people, fed up with the rebellions, helped the sultan to suppress the uprising in a short time (28 January 1731).

Remedy Movements :

The reforms made by Sultan Mahmud I concentrated mostly on military issues. Count Dö Bonnevale, who came from France, converted to Islam and took the name Humbaracı Ahmed Pasha and made various reforms. Thanks to the efforts of Ahmed Pasha, who reorganized the artillery and humbara corps and opened the Kara Mühendislikhanesi (Mühendishane-i Berri Hümayun) to train skilled officers for the Ottoman army, success was achieved in the Ottoman-Russian wars. He also continued the cultural activities that were started during the Tulip Era of Sultan Mahmud I.

Ottoman-Iran Relations :

Due to the Patrona Halil Rebellion that broke out during the Ottoman-Iranian Wars, the last attacks of the Iranians could not be answered. The counterattack launched in 1731 continued for a year. Kermenshah was recaptured on 30 July 1731, Korican Victory was won on 16 September 1731, Urmiye Castle was captured on 11 October 1731 and Tabriz was recaptured on 4 December 1731. With the Ahmed Pasha Treaty signed on January 10, 1732, the Caucasus was left to the Ottomans, and western Iran and Azerbaijan to the Iranians.

 The border of Kasr-ı Şirin in the south did not change, the Aras River was made the border between the two countries in the north.The Ahmed Pasha agreement did not satisfy neither the Ottoman Empire nor the Iranians, and the conflicts continued until 1746. The Ottomans won a victory in front of Baghdad on 19 July 1733. In 1943, Iranian Shah Nadir Shah attacked the Iraqi border (29 May 1743) and besieged Mosul (27 September 1743).Nadir Shah, who besieged Kars on 29 July 1744, had to lift the siege two or three months later and withdrew (9 October 1744). A new peace treaty was signed on September 4, 1746, but the balance was intact in favor of both sides and the borders did not change.

Ottoman Russia-Austria Wars :

The reasons such as Russian meddling in the internal affairs of Poland, trying to make an alliance with Austria, not allowing the Crimean army to pass over the Caucasus during the ongoing Iranian wars, and occupying the Azov castle, led Sultan Mahmud I to take the decision to go to the Russian expedition on June 16, 1736. opened.The Banyaluka Victory was won on August 4, 1737. The Russian forces, attacking the Balkans and the Crimea, were defeated and retreated. On September 1, 1739, the Belgrade fortress was recaptured. The success of the Ottoman Empire on the Austrian front caused Russia to want peace. The Ottoman Empire signed the Belgrade Treaty with Austria and Russia on September 18, 1739. 

According to the Belgrade agreement, the Azov fortress would be left to the Russians, the other lands the Russians acquired during the war would be handed over to the Ottoman Empire, and the Russians would not have war and commercial ships in the Black Sea. France contributed to the signing of this treaty and the privileges previously given to France were increased.The last years of Sultan Mahmud I passed in peace. However, the fires that took place these days were causing great damage in Istanbul. During the great Istanbul fire on 28 December 1745, 800 houses were burned in Balat and Fener. In another fire that broke out five years later, several neighborhoods and historical mansions of Istanbul were destroyed (February 4, 1750). On September 3, 1754, the great Istanbul Earthquake occurred. During this earthquake, which shook Istanbul 14 times in five or six days, the domes of Hagia Sophia, Bayezid and Fatih mosques were also damaged.

Zoning Studies (Architecture):

During the reign of Sultan Mahmud I, who ascended the throne after the Patrona Halil Rebellion, the development activities were not as active as in the Tulip Era. The greatest work of this period is the Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Mosque and Complex. The Sultan Mahmud I Fountain in Tophane is among the works made at that time.During the reign of Sultan Mahmud, works were also made outside of Istanbul. During this period, Osman Pasha Complex in Aleppo and Habbaniye Sultan Mahmud I Tekke and Sabil were built in Cairo. Also; Erzurum Vezir İbrahim Pasha Mosque, Cağaloğlu Hacı Beşir Ağa Complex, Şumnu Şerif Halil Paşa Mosque and Complex were built.